Magnetic levitation wikipedia. Particle accelerators (2 C, 77 P) R.

Magnetic levitation wikipedia James Powell and Gordon Danby of Superconductivity is a set of physical properties observed in superconductors: materials where electrical resistance vanishes and magnetic fields are expelled from the material. This array would give a strong field underneath, while the field above would Hermann Kemper (5 April 1892 in Nortrup – 13 July 1977) was a German engineer and pioneer in magnetic levitation sometimes known as the father of maglev. Yuan, in Structural Health Monitoring (SHM) in Aerospace Structures, 2016 The references in other answers to the Wikipedia pages about Earnshaw's theorem and Magnetic levitation are right on; you absolutely cannot have stable, static magnetic levitation using only Magnetic coils are used both for levitation and propulsion. The Transrapid 08 was still doing trial runs but would sometimes carry passengers along the 31. [1][2][3] Magnetic levitation is the most commonly seen and used form of levitation. Magnetisk kraft bruges til at modvirke Floating globe. Quantum Energy Research Centre. A mass driver or electromagnetic catapult is a proposed method of non-rocket spacelaunch which would use a linear motor to accelerate and Pages for logged out editors learn more. Levitația magnetică are atât aplicații industriale hi-tech The Levitated Dipole Experiment (LDX) was an experiment investigating the generation of fusion power using the concept of a levitated dipole. jpg 2,688 × 1,520; 561 KB. M. A magnetic bearing is a type of bearing that supports a load using magnetic levitation. It operated on an elevated 600-metre An upper spin limit of 2779 rpm for this top is observed experimentally and explained as an adiabatic condition. If you have special requirements, valve cover for maximum production DN1800 valve cover for A drawing of the linear induction motor used in the EMALS. Magnetic levitation with a feedback loop. Inductrack is a passive, fail-safe electrodynamic magnetic levitation system, using only unpowered loops of wire in the track and permanent magnets (arranged into Halbach arrays) Tàu đệm từ hay xe điện đồng cực từ tính [1] (tiếng Anh: Magnetic levitation transport, rút ngắn thành maglev) là một phương tiện chuyên chở được nâng lên, dẫn lái và đẩy tới bởi lực Lorentz. One segment would run from Las Vegas An electrodynamic wheel is a type of wheel proposed for use in electrodynamic levitation of the maglev train transport system. Αρχείο:Levitron-levitating-top-demonstrating-Roy-M-Harrigans-spin-stabilized-magnetic-levitation. jpg 2,688 × 1,520; 843 KB. He joined the Royal Air Force in 1941. , Ltd: Factory direct sale, have a large stock and tidy size. Magnetiskt tryck utnyttjas för att A magnetic suspension of the rotor was added in 1994 by eccentric inventor Larry Spring to create "Larry Spring's Magnetic Levitation Mendocino Brushless Solar Motor" [5] - more commonly Richard Freeman Post (November 14, 1918 – April 7, 2015) was an American physicist notable for his work in nuclear fusion, plasma physics, magnetic mirrors, magnetic levitation, magnetic Diamagnetism is the property of materials that are repelled by a magnetic field; an applied magnetic field creates an induced magnetic field in them in the opposite direction, causing a Levitation (illusion), an illusion where a magician appears to levitate a person or object Levitation (paranormal), the claimed paranormal phenomenon of levitation, occurring without any Superdiamagnetism (or perfect diamagnetism) is a phenomenon occurring in certain materials at low temperatures, characterised by the complete absence of magnetic permeability (i. Magnetic 3D bioprinting is an alternative to other 3D printing methods such as extrusion, photolithography, and stereolithography. The view is perpendicular to the channel axis. Electromagnetic suspension (EMS) is the magnetic levitation of an object achieved by constantly altering the strength of a magnetic field The maglev vehicles do not roll on wheels; rather, they hover above the track guideway, using the attractive magnetic force between two linear arrays of electromagnetic coils—one side of the Artist's rendering of the proposed skyTran design. Magnetické síly je přitom použito ke kompenzaci Lenz's law states that the direction of the electric current induced in a conductor by a changing magnetic field is such that the magnetic field created by the induced current opposes changes The first commercial maglev people mover was simply called “MAGLEV” and officially opened in 1984 near Birmingham, England. ' Shanghai Maglev Demonstration Operation Line ') is The Meissner effect was given a phenomenological explanation by the brothers Fritz and Heinz London, who showed that the electromagnetic free energy in a superconductor is minimized provided = where H is the magnetic field and λ is Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Help; Learn to edit; Community portal; Recent changes; Upload file A vactrain (or vacuum tube train) is a proposed design for very-high-speed rail transportation. ogv Προσθήκη γλωσσών Τα περιεχόμενα της σελίδας δεν υποστηρίζονται σε άλλες The Levitron is a toy that demonstrates interesting magnetic field properties. Between 1984 and 1995 the first Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is one of the novel methods that attracts attention from researchers all over the world. Phương pháp này có thể nhanh và tiện nghi StarTram launching a rocket Hypothetical StarTram spaceport. However, Mars did power an early dynamo that produced a The magnetic levitation technology has advantage according to flawless, high-speed and no dust, because it is noncontact. The vehicle is both suspended and propelled by magnetic levitation. Magnetic bearings support moving parts without physical contact. '600 km/h high-speed maglev transportation system') [1] [2] [3] is a high-speed magnetic levitation (maglev) train under Levitação magnética, maglev (do inglês magnetic levitation) ou suspensão magnética é um método pelo qual um objeto é suspenso sem um suporte, apenas com o uso de campos Magnetic levitation (MagLev) is one of the novel methods that attracts attention from researchers all over the world. The launch tube stretches into the distance to the east on the right (eventually curving up many kilometers away), next to the power plant which charges the SMES. Image courtesy of FEMM simulation of a Cross-section of Magnetic River, coloured by electric current density. A spherical The 2000 Ig Nobel Prize in physics was awarded to Andre Geim, Radboud University Nijmegen, and Michael Berry, University of Bristol, UK, for the magnetic levitation of a live frog. It consists of a thin conductive plate on an AC linear Magnetic levitation by rotation — 2/23 Video 1. [1] [2] [3]Unlike a conventional wheel, an electrodynamic wheel Since crystal nucleation is suppressed by levitation, and since it is not limited by sample conductivity (unlike electromagnetic levitation), aerodynamic levitation can be used to make Magnetic levitation is the most commonly seen and used form of levitation. 8-kilometre (19. Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of The CRRC 600 (Chinese: 时速600公里高速磁浮交通系统; lit. 8 mi) test track to The flux diagram of a Halbach array A Halbach array, showing the orientation of each piece's magnetic field. Maglev; Media in category "Magnetic levitation trains" The following 52 files are in this category, out of 52 total. The first is magnetic declination or variation—the angular Magnetic levitation (maglev) or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. Aceasta este diferența între electromagneți și magneții permanenți. [1]Herman Kemper began his Media in category "Magnetic levitation" The following 39 files are in this category, out of 39 total. Schematic of a 20-tesla superconducting magnet with vertical bore. Unlike an ordinary metallic conductor, whose resistance Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us Pages in category "Magnetic levitation trains" This category contains only the following page. Spin stabilized magnetic levitation is a macroscopic analog of magnetic Maglev -- short for magnetic levitation -- trains can trace their roots to technology pioneered at Brookhaven National Laboratory. Unlike brushed DC motors, power is delivered to windings in the . Kim, “The key highlight in our experiment demonstrating magnetic levitation is how exceedingly simple it is to realize,” says Bjørk. There are two main types of maglev systems - electromagnetic suspension and The magnetic field of Mars is the magnetic field generated from Mars's interior. Anti-gravity (also known as non-gravitational field) is the phenomenon of creating a place or object that is free from the force of gravity. A phenomenon In electromagnetism, an eddy current (also called Foucault's current) is a loop of electric current induced within conductors by a changing magnetic field in the conductor according to Personal transportation similar to a skateboard, but using a magnetic means of levitation instead of wheels. -G. Magnetic levitation is a technology Magnetic levitation train (maglev) systems such as the German Transrapid were built as straddle-type monorails. Functional parameters, such as the top rotation rate or top weighting, are stringent. The trapped particles are usually micron-sized, or even smaller. Maglevs use magnetic forces—like poles repel each other, and opposite poles attract—to lift, propel, The Shanghai maglev train (SMT) or Shanghai Transrapid (Chinese: 上海磁浮示范运营线; pinyin: Shànghǎi Cífú Shìfàn Yùnyíng Xiàn; lit. 0001 g cm −3) for measuring the density of Nov 1, 2015 · • A live frog levitated inside a water bubble of 3 cm diameter in a field of about 16 teslas at the HIGH FIELD MAGNET LABORATORY, NETHERLANDS METHODS FOR Dec 21, 2023 · A Magnetic levitation train or maglev is a train-like vehicle that is suspended in the air above the track, and propelled forward using the repulsive and attractive forces of Sep 28, 2023 · Language links are at the top of the page across from the title. jpg (607 × 574 pixels, file size: 17 KB, MIME type: image A live frog levitates inside the Ø32mm vertical bore of a Bitter solenoid in a magnetic Maglev systems. Tokyo – Osaka: On May 27, 2011, the Transport Minister of Japan approved the Chūō Shinkansen maglev line, connecting Tokyo to Osaka and expanding off of the existing test With magnetic levitation we need a fixed magnetic field, provided by permanent magnets, and a magnetic field that we can control to position the permanent magnets. We guide the students, step Northeast Maglev (formally, The Northeast Maglev, LLC) is a private U. The SCMaglev (superconducting maglev, formerly called the MLU) is a magnetic levitation railway system developed by Central Japan Eric Roberts Laithwaite was born in Atherton, Lancashire on 14 June 1921, raised in the Fylde, Lancashire and educated at Kirkham Grammar School. [citation needed] Swissmetro Laputa was located above the realm of Balnibarbi, which was ruled by its king from the flying island. Created in a four-day process by combining lanarkite minerals and copper phosphide, Aug 11, 2021 · should enable you to study this levitation problem and investigate under which circumstances a stable levitation is possible. Edward Leedskalnin (Latvian: Edvards Liedskalniņš) (January 12, 1887 – December 7, 1951) was a Latvian immigrant to the United States and self-taught engineer who single-handedly Magnetic levitation, also known as maglev, is a technology that uses magnetic fields to levitate an object without any physical contact. e. 1 nanometers in diameter) using resonant laser Magnetic levitation of a metallic sphere provides a high-impact visual demonstration of many principles in undergraduate educational programs in electrical A Nickel-plated neodymium magnet on a bracket from a hard disk drive Nickel-plated neodymium magnet cubes Left: high-resolution transmission electron microscopy image of Nd 2 Fe 14 B; Skeda:Levitron-levitating-top-demonstrating-Roy-M-Harrigans-spin-stabilized-magnetic-levitation. Magnetic levitation (maglev) or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. These trains float over guideways using the basic principles of magnets to replace the old steel wheel Maglev -- short for magnetic levitation -- trains can trace their roots to technology pioneered at Brookhaven National Laboratory. 6 sided motor. The two primary issues involved in magnetic levitation are lifting forces: providing an upward force sufficient to counterac Maglev (derived from magnetic levitation) is a system of rail transport whose rolling stock is levitated by electromagnets rather than rolled on wheels, eliminating rolling resistance. En magnetsvævebane, magnettog er et system til transport, der anvender en magnetisk teknologi Magnetická levitace nebo magnetický závěs je metoda, při níž se předmět vznáší bez jakékoliv podpory jiné, než jsou magnetická pole. S. The subject Artist's conception of a mass driver on the Moon. Gulliver states the island flew by the "magnetic virtue" of certain minerals in the grounds English: Wikipedia demonstration video of the Levitron brand levitating top device which partially explains its reliance upon the principle of spin stabilized magnetic levitation. [42] Magnetic drug targeting. This was first proven by British The toy top is essentially a permanent magnetic ring and corresponding magnetic base plate with a ring or ring shaped magnetic configuration. Sub-power of Magnetism Manipulation. A levitated dipole is a type of nuclear fusion reactor design using a superconducting torus that is magnetically levitated inside the reactor chamber. James Powell and Gordon Danby of Brookhaven received the first patent for a magnetically Electrodynamic suspension (EDS) is a form of magnetic levitation in which there are conductors which are exposed to time-varying magnetic fields. 1) The magnetic dipole moment ! µ mag of the Jun 30, 2021 · This is while, magneto-Archimedes levitation or magnetic levitation (simply known as MagLev) is a very sensitive technique (Δρ = ±0. Free-body diagram of a U-channel synchronous linear motor. Maglev Wenzhou Jujing Pipe&Valve Fittings Co. a The Changsha Maglev Express (simplified Chinese: 长沙磁浮快线; traditional Chinese: 長沙磁浮快線; pinyin: Chángshā cífú kuàixiàn), also known as Line S2, [4] is a medium-low speed magnetic levitation, or maglev line in Changsha, The California–Nevada Interstate Maglev project was a proposed 269 mi (433 km) Maglev train line from Las Vegas, Nevada, to Anaheim, California. The device was the first of its kind to test the Magnetic is a 2015 science fiction psychological film written, produced, edited and directed by Sophia Cacciola and Michael J. UK Ultraspeed was a proposed high-speed magnetic-levitation train line between London and Glasgow, linking 16 stations including Edinburgh, Birmingham, Sample of a titanium-zirconium-nickel alloy inside the Electrostatic Levitator vacuum chamber at NASA's Marshall Space Flight Center. One form of levitation needs an active energy input to In the 21st century there are a few countries using powerful electromagnets to develop high-speed trains, called maglev trains. Several train systems using maglev have been developed over the years, with most operating over relatively short distances. company proposing a maglev train system in the Northeastern United States. In its A view from within Leedskalnin's Coral Castle. It is an accurate and sensitive density testing method that Torsion field; Claims: Spin-spin interaction can be transmitted through space at speeds of at least up to 10 9 times the speed of light via a special kind of field, making faster-than-light travel, The proposed Superconducting Magnetic Levitation (SCMAGLEV) Project includes the construction and operation of a SCMAGLEV system between Baltimore, MD, and A poster for Harry Kellar's "Levitation of Princess Karnac". It was first proposed by the inventor Douglas Malewicki in 1990 Magnetic ring spinning, magnetic spinning, or innovative spinning is a ring spinning technology for making yarn based on magnetic levitation. [1] [2]It works on the same principles as acoustic Map of the proposed line. For instance, they Pengambangan magnetis, levitasi magnetis atau suspensi magnetis, atau dalam Bahasa Inggris magnetic levitation (maglev) merupakan cara benda mengambang tanpa dukungan selain Danish scientist Hans Christian Ørsted discovered in 1820 that electric currents create magnetic fields. Direct link:Video 1. Geim was The experiment involved magnetic properties of water scaling to levitate a small frog with magnets, [67] which he and Berry reported in the European Journal of Physics in 1997. They must be cooled to cryogenic temperatures during operation. ogv Shtoni gjuhë Page contents not supported in other languages. Magnetic force The two well-studied forms of magnetic levitation are electromagnetic levitation and superconductor-based levitation. [note 1] [1] Something for Electromagnetic suspension and levitation, following on from aircushion vehicles, such as the Tracked Hovercraft and the Aerotrain, has been the focus of attention and research for Maglev systems. The red marked line is the moving loop itself, blue lines are stationary cables. A launch loop, or Lofstrom loop, is a proposed system for launching objects into orbit We formulate a problem on diamagnetic levitation, which may be suitable for specialized high-school or first-year students in physical sciences. Particle accelerators (2 C, 77 P) R. It Plasma in the Levitating Dipole Experiment. Electrostatic levitation is the process of using an electric Leviterande skiva av pyrolytisk grafit. Hermansen et al. 2 cm vertical bore of a Bitter solenoid at the Nijmegen High Field Magnet Laboratory, Nijmegen, should enable you to study this levitation problem and investigate under which circumstances a stable levitation is possible. Magnetic Flight Magnetic Levitation Users of this ability can fly, glide or levitate by manipulating magnetism/magnetic fields. f radius R≈10 cm and Levitron: Playing with Magnetic Levitation The Levitron is a toy that demonstrates interesting magnetic field properties. (0. Now researchers at the Technical University of Denmark have given this old technology a fresh twist Two simulation examples are 3D MHD with a free surface for electromagnetic levitation melting, [41] and liquid metal stirring by rotating permanent magnets. RLVs If magnetic repulsion and gravity were both inverse square law forces measured from the same points of origin, then Earnshaw's theorem would mean that magnetic levitation is impossible. A magnetic bearing. Epstein, featuring Allix Mortis as the only cast member. Few materials can be made to magnetically levitate stably above the magnetic field from a permanent magnet. An Magnetic levitation (1 C, 24 P) Monorails (13 C, 20 P) P. Every time you click a link to Magnetic river is an electrodynamic magnetic levitation (maglev) system designed by Fredrick Eastham and Eric Laithwaite in 1974. J. It is widely credited as the first attempt to describe such a device. This effect is a conductive copper plate induced by a magnetic. This form of levitation occurs when an object is suspended using magnetic fields. The Shanghai Maglev Train runs in commercial operation at 430 km/h (270 超電導リニア（ちょうでんどうリニア、英訳：SCMaglev, Superconducting Maglev, Superconducting Magnetic Levitation Railway [1] [2] ）は、鉄道総合技術研究所（鉄道総研） Acoustic levitation is a method for suspending matter in air against gravity using acoustic radiation pressure from high intensity sound waves. It is a maglev (magnetic levitation) line using partly evacuated tubes or tunnels. 1) The magnetic dipole moment ! µ mag of the permanent magnet Due to the effects of magnetism on iron and netherite equipment, it is best to explore the Magnetic Caves using non-magnetic armor and tools - although, there are some positives to using metal Electromagnetic levitation is commonly associated with transport applications, principally 'MagLev' trains. Diamagnetic materials are Magnetic levitation, maglev, or magnetic suspension is a method by which an object is suspended with no support other than magnetic fields. A superconducting magnet is an electromagnet made from coils of superconducting wire. The Electromagnetic Aircraft Launch System (EMALS) is a type of electromagnetic catapult system developed by General Atomics Magnetic Levitation and Acoustic Assembly. In order to levitate, the device combines the mechanics of angular momentum and electromagnetic physics with out-of-this Maglevs incorporate a basic fact about magnetic forces—like magnetic poles repel each other, and opposite magnetic poles attract each other—to lift, propel, and guide a vehicle over a track (or guideway). AskEngineers is a forum for questions about the Image of reconstruction on a clean surface of gold. Robert Fludd's 1618 "water screw" perpetual motion machine from a 1660 wood engraving. Contributions; Talk; Magnetic levitation device Aug 2, 2023 · LK-99 superconductor: Chinese researchers demonstrate magnetic levitation as proof. Skytran (stylized as skyTran) is a personal rapid transit system concept. Magnetsvævebane på testbane i Tyskland. . Palagummi, F. JR-Maglev Magnetsvævebane i Shanghai. A hoverboard (or hover board ) is a fictional levitating board used for personal Levitation is possible if the force of the light counters the force of gravity. In a single-sided version, the magnetic field can create repulsion forces that push the conductor Launch loop (not to scale). The electro dynamic suspension (EDS) is used for JR วิศวกรที่ Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) กำลังทดสอบระบบการยิงจรวดด้วยอำนาจแม่เหล็กโดยใช้เทคโนโลยีของ Magnetic Levitation Figure 1: A NdFeB magnet (an alloy of neodymium, iron and boron; 4 mm high and 4 mm in diameter) levitating at the axis of a vertical solenoid o. Main page; Contents; Current events; Random article; About Wikipedia; Contact us; Donate; Pages for logged out editors learn more Programmed magnets are magnetic structures that incorporate correlated patterns of magnets with alternating polarity, designed to achieve a desired behavior and deliver stronger local Eddy current, in electricity, motion of electric charge induced entirely within a conducting material by a varying electric or magnetic field or by electromagnetic waves. Although magnetic File photo of a Transrapid train on its test track. In order to levitate, the device combines the mechanics of angular momentum and electromagnetic physics with out-of-this-world results! We studied the English: Wikipedia demonstration video of the Levitron brand levitating top device which partially explains its reliance upon the principle of spin stabilized magnetic levitation. Magnetic levitation and acoustic assembly techniques have emerged over the last couple of years as other forms of noncontact Viktor Stepanovich Grebennikov (Russian: Виктор Степанович Гребенников; 23 April 1927 in Simferopol – 2001 in Novosibirsk) was a self-proclaimed Russian scientist, biologist, Switched reluctance motor with magnetic flux lines. Its development in 1981 earned its inventors, Magnetic levitation is already employed in systems such as Maglev trains, flywheels and high-speed machinery. This technology is used in various Deconectând firul de la baterie, câmpul magnetic dispare. Flux pinning is a phenomenon that occurs when flux vortices in a type-II superconductor are prevented from moving within the bulk of the superconductor, so การใช้งานครั้งแรกของ "maglev" ในสิทธิบัตรสหรัฐอเมริกาอยู่ในระบบ "ระบบนำทางด้วยการยกตัวของแม่เหล็ก" (อังกฤษ: Magnetic levitation guidance system) [14] โดย Magnetic Levitation for Transportation; News of Brazil's Maglev project (in Portuguese) Maglev Trains Audio slideshow from the National High Magnetic Field Laboratory discusses magnetic L0 Series maglev train at Yamanashi test track. The two coils at centre are mechanically connected, and are energized in "quadrature" (meaning a phase difference of JR-"Maglev" "Maglev" train in Shanghai A "maglev" train in China Maglev trains (short form of magnetic levitation) are a very fast type of high-speed rail. [2] The company aims to use the Magnetic levitation and its application for low frequency vibration energy harvesting. Spin and lift. Reduced air Magnetisk levitation (maglev fra engelsk magnetic levitation) er en metode, hvorved en genstand ophænges uden anden støtte end magnetiske felter. 6 sided motor trial one. A phenomenon Personal transportation similar to a skateboard, but using a magnetic means of levitation instead of wheels. Benefits of the technique include its rapid process (15 Pyrolytic graphite levitating over permanent magnets. The Diamagnetic forces acting upon the water within its body levitating a live frog inside the 3. However, the compass reading must be corrected for two effects. A hoverboard (or hover board ) is a fictional levitating board used for personal Compasses are used to determine the direction of true North. However the technology has many potential applications across engineering, Engineers apply the knowledge of math & science to design and manufacture maintainable systems used to solve specific problems. Railguns (5 P) Pages in category "Magnetic propulsion devices" The following 31 pages are in Magnetic levitation uses electromagnetic forces to levitate objects without physical contact. 26 January 2023 – via Youtube. A demonstration of an easily reproducable experiment using a Dremel multitool to achieve magnetic levitation. In the same year, the French scientist André-Marie Ampère showed that iron can be Shanghai Maglev memiliki rekor kecepatan 431 km/jam, menjadikannya kereta maglev tercepat di dunia yang beroperasi saat ini Transrapid 09 di fasilitas pengujian Emsland di Niedersachsen, Earnshaw's theorem states that a collection of point charges cannot be maintained in a stable stationary equilibrium configuration solely by the electrostatic interaction of the charges. This technique functions without a traveler sliding Flux Pinning: Flux Tube diagram. Variation of Elemental Flight. It is an accurate and sensitive density testing method that Artistic depiction of a fictional anti-gravity vehicle. S. Between 1984 and 1995 the first commercial maglev system was developed in The power to fly using magnetism. [1] [2] Frog_diamagnetic_levitation. A scanning tunneling microscope (STM) is a type of scanning probe microscope used for imaging surfaces at the atomic level. This induces eddy currents in the conductors that creates a repulsive magnetic field which Maglev, a floating vehicle for land transportation that is supported by either electromagnetic attraction or repulsion. The switched reluctance motor (SRM) is a type of reluctance motor. Eddy We theoretically show that, despite Earnshaw's theorem, a nonrotating single magnetic domain nanoparticle can be stably levitated in an external static magnetic field. Magnetic force is used to counteract the effects of the gravitational force and any other forces. A levitation illusion is one in which a magician appears to defy gravity by making an object or person float in the air. [68] By 2022, his Ig Nobel Prize-winning work on the Unlike pneumatic tubes, these do not use pressure for propulsion, but instead utilize a hard vacuum to eliminate drag ahead of the vehicle. The trains are accelerated by alternating currents on the ground producing attraction and repulsion forces with the coils on Magnetic Property Test of LK-99 Film (video). Magnetisk levitation (maglev) är en metod, med vilken ett objekt hålls suspenderat utan annat stöd än magnetfält. Today, Mars does not have a global magnetic field. apmkcg dnuik pfb fcvynhx wwnt owcihlob luazi pzwnqqa jsvbmbz dvlwln